Manufacture of concrete walls.



0. C. MoGARTY. MANUFAGTU'RBOF CONCRETE WALLS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1908.

Patented Mar. 23,1909.

such as piers,

CHARLES o. MCcAirrY,l or' SYEACUSE, NEwYoRK.

MANU'EACTURE 0F CONCRETE WALLS.

irc. 915,995.

` Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 23, 1909.

App1nmim1-l mea may 1s, 190s. serial no. 433,329.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES C. of Syracuse, in the county of Ononda a, in the State of New York, have invente' new and useful Im rovements in the Manufacture of Concrete lgalls, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, isv a full, clear .and exact descrip- MCCARTY,

tion.

Thisinvention relates to certain improvements inthe manufacture of concrete Walls, t abutments, retaining walls and slmllar concrete structures having either vertical orbattered sides.

The concrete walls are usually constructed in suitable forms of wood or equivalent material which are removedwhen the concrete 1s sufficiently hardened or set to be self-sustaining. These walls are often built to a considerable height or vertical depth and it, therefore, becomes necessary to hold.

the forms rigidly in place agalnst inward compression as well as against spreading in order that the finished concrete may assume the designed form. Y

My main object, therefore, is to provide means whereby op osite sides of theform may be speedily an economically connected 1n such manner as to tie and brace them against inward com ression and also against spreading and at tlie same time to enable t e forms to be readily removed when the concrete is set, leaving a very small part of the tie and brace connections permanently embedded 1n the finishedpconcrete wall, the majority of such connections being removed with the forms.

Another object is to provide each Icon* nection with one or more removable conical `v-ided with bearing faces disposed at any' bushings threaded interiorly to receive the t1e rods and also threaded. exteriorly at the same pitch to form serrations in the con crete sockets made thereby, so' that when the conical bushings are removed and the sockets filled vn'th concrete, such concrete will be held in place by the threaded or s rrated walls of the socket.

A further object is-to rovide brace collars or bearings Iengagin tli faces of one of the forms and surrounding the adjacent portion ofthe tie rod and prosuitable angle with their axes to conform e inner and outerv vand my lmproved tie and brace connections between the forms and extending through the concrete, one of the sides of the form and Cadjacent side of the walls being shown as battered or inclined from a vertical positionl While the other side is shown as disposedl in a vertical plane. Fig. 2 is a lsectional view of the finished concrete showing the forms and greater portion of the connection as re-4 moved leaving a single tie rod embedded and Showing' one of the sockets formed by the conical bushing as filled with concrete.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are perspective views respectively of the outer and inner bearing p ates or washers and adjacent conical bushing seen at the left of Fig. 1.

In carrying out the objects stated, a suitable form composed of opposite side pieces -1- and -2-` spaced a predetermined distance apart is erected to receive between them a concrete filling `or wall -3 of pre determined form corresponding to the vform of the intervening spaces of the side pieces -land -2-'4 These forms are usually spaced a considerable distance apart as in t e manufacture of concrete dams, retaining walls, bridge abutments and similar structures and are also of considerable length thereby necessitating the use of ra large number of connections distributed at intervals throughout the area of the sides 1- and -2-of the form and constituting at once braces to hold -all portions of the form a uniform distance apart against collapse or end-- Ward displacement and also serving to tie the sides of the form against spreading or outward displacement so that when the form is completed with the braces or tie piecesv therein rior to the introduction of concrete,- it is se -sustaining and, rigid at all points throughout its area against collapse or `to the batter or vertical incline of the adjas reading. In order to fefiectively accomp h this purpose, it becomes necessary to eave some portion of the connections betweenthe sides of the form in the finished arranged end to 'end as best shown in Flg f ia comme when the lforms are removed and l one of the essential objects of my present invention 1s to reduce thls portion of the connection which is left in the nished concrete to a minimum and to lenable'all othery portions of the clamp or connection to be readily for washers -7-- and clamping nuts -8v`, all vof which parts except the rods -,4-- and are made of cast metal or malleable 4iron,y while the rods are preferably made of Wrought iron of suitable gage and of suflicient tensile strength to hold the form sections -1- and -2-f in fixed relation to each other.

A The conical bushings 'wardly from the inner sides -1`. and -2- With their smaller ends orl apexes Vfacing each other` and are threaded interiorly and screvved u on the adjacent threaded ends of the tie ro s L1- and -5- which meet inl so side of the side ieces -1- and 2fof the form, said bus'ng being also threaded exteriorly for a purpose hereinafter describedf The inner bearm plates Aor Washers -7-- are let into suitab e recesses -9- in thev inner faces of the side pieces -1- and -2-'- while the outer bearing plates or Washers -7- bear against the outer faces of the side pieces 1 -'and -2- and are held tightly l 1n lace by lthekclamping nuts -8-.

arran ed end to end in the same straight line Y usua y 1n a horizontal position and when it lhetie rod sections 4- and '5-l are is necessary to incline one or the other of the sides of the form from? a vertical position as.

, shown at the left of Fig. 1 to give-the desired batter or vertical incline to the adjacent side of the c oncrete wall -3-, the adjacent pair of bearmg plates or washers '7- are simi- I larly inclined in order that they may have a broad flat bearing against the contiguous faces of the side as -1- of the form and in order that the base of the'adjacent cone -.6- and inner face of the clamping nut 'Y -8- may have a at bearing against the contiguous acefof the plate --7-, whichI platelet the verticallyA inclined side of the iorm lsformed with inner and outer bearing angle with each other and at d' erent angles with the of the tie' 'rod which passes therethrou lh as best seen in Fig.`1 the e,vv

g accordin to t e between sald faces varyiiig pitcher batter of the so that w en the adjacent bearing faces of the co'acting bearings or washers -7- are brought` to the desiredlpiltch or incline the opposite faces project in` will bel disposed in substantially vertical parallel planes against which ,the adjacentends of the bushing -6- and nut -8- may abut iiatwise.- These bearing plates are provided with central flaring openings -12- to receive the tie rod 5- and ermit a slight tilting adjustment of the ate thereon, one end of the Haring opening l eing of substantially the saine 'diameter as that of the rodwhile the other end is .somewhat larger'. I n t the right ofFig. 1,-.1 have shown the .sider-2- of the form as substantially vertical While the opposite sides of'adjacent bearvmg' lates -`-7-' are. also vertical or'at right ang es .to the rod `5 which they surround, the purpose of 4thisjvievv being to show that different bearing plates are used for ldii'erent vertical angles at which the sides of the form may be ldisposed but in each instance, the

- inner bearingplate is-let into a suitable bore or recess in the adjacent inner side of the form sectionk to afford la broad bearing against the form with a minimum opening in the concrete, it being understood that the bearing. lates '7-4 are of considerably greater iameter orarea than that of the adjacent'end rof the conical bushing -6- Which it engages, the boss of each plate used in connection With the batter side of the Wall being of substantially the same diameter as the base of the conical bushing. The inner face o f each of the inner plates -7- adjacent to theconcrete and surrounding the adjacent ends of the bushings 6 are substantially flush or coincident With the inner faces of the form sections -1- and +2- so that the lo ening in the adjacent sides of the concrete eft by each boss of plate--7- is comparatively small. A.

-It is now clear that when the concrete is filled in between the sides -1 .and -2- the of the form, it surroundY and envelop the conical bushings-- and intervening portion of the central tie rod e4'- which -become embedded in the concrete, the center tie rod 4- remaining permanently in the finished wall while the conical bushings -6- y are removable after the sections -1- and 2 of the form have been removed.. This removal of the bushingsE -6, which 1s 'accom lished by the app 'cation of a suitable Wrenc to angular sockets 11i-'inthe outer ends thereof leaves the concrete body with aseries of conical sockets -1 5 opening from the outer sides or faces of the concrete.

The Walls of these sockets, therefore, become threaded or serrated by the exterior threads on the conical bushings andthese threads are of substantiall the same itch as those of the .interior threa s of the ro s -4- and -5-f so that when the sections -1- and -2--y are removed by the removalof the nut -8-, and outer bearing plates -7-;, the inner 'magnus ebearing vplates -7'- may be removed `with the form or separately after which a suitable wrench may be applied to fthe socket -14-', in .the .end of :the bushing by which said bushing may be turned -.or unscrewed from Itheconcrete leaving the serrated conical socket just xpreviously mentioned.

. lface which After the bushing is removed, the socket is lled with additional concrete which is thoroughly worked and pressed thereinto illing the threaded interstices .and thereby establishing a permanent cr adhering su-r- 1permanently retains the conical concrete il ing in place allowing it to 4be finished -u-p on the outer face .coincident .with the adjacent face of the wall.

In erecting the sides '-1- and 2,- .of the form, trom the foundation iu the .bushings --6-n are screwed upon at e opposite endsko'f :the tie rod sections .-4- and are :then temporarily held by hand or .otherwise in thedesired osition zfor the reception of the opposite end tie rod sections -5- which are screwed into the outer ends of the bushings -6-" through suitable apertures :previously formed `in the formsections 1- and -2-, the inner bearing yplates or washers -7- being placed upon the inner ends .of the end tie lrod sections 5 1just `before screwing them into `the outer @ends of :the bushing fi-,said bushings being .adfjusted by hand orotherwise by rotating the ,same upon the rods -4- and-4 5* until they engage the `inner `faces ofthe washers '7- andclamp them iirmly against :the inner sides of the form sections -1- land -2- Awithin the recesses -9- Afterthis isy done, -.the outer ,clamping plates are placed on the outer tie rod sectlons 5- agai-nst the outer sides of the ferm sections -land -Q- and the nuts 8 'are then screwed upon the outer threaded ends of the rods 5- to tighten the rods against the ,outer faces .of fthe form sections therebyforcing these :form sections irmly against .the inner stop lates -7-. Or in other words this may e better explained by stating that the central rods -4- are madeconsiderably shorter than the transverse width-.of the concrete from face to face :buit :of greater length than the distance between the bushings -6- which are to be screwed thereon thus ermitting the rod -4- to be held by han Aor otherwise in place While the bushings -6- are adjusted by rotation to give the proper distance between the outer ends of the bushings which determines the transverse 'width of this portion of the concrete wall after which the end rods 5% may be screwed into the'central threaded openings in thel bushings andthe `inner Washers 7g placed thereon untilfthey abut against the outer endsof said bushings, with their main` portions disposed 'at the predetermined vertical angle ofthe'waill.l Additional form sections .and -JZ- are then placed upon the rods-5- building uprom the bottom and tierods 5- and clamped in lplace by the nuts -8-, this operation being continued in :theconstruction of the form untill the 'latter is .completed for the reception of -the concrete. The concrete is now filled in between the form sections -1- and -2- entirely surrounding the bushings 6 and center rod -4- and when the concrete 4is setA and seasoned and hardened sufficiently to ipermit the remove-Lof the form, the nu-ts -Sn and outer washers -7- are .first removed by sim-ply unscrewing the nuts .8- and withdrawing the same .end-wise, after .which 'the rod sections 5 may beunscrewedand :removedfrom the bushings -6. The form sections --1 `and moved from the sides of the concrete and 'in like :manner the inner washers or .bearing :plates -7- may be similarly removed. Vlhen these inner Washers and -end reds ,5- are removed in :the manner described, ,a suitable Wrench'is inserted -in the angular sockets 14kin the outer .ends of the bush-- '-2- may then be 41re-- ings f5- and turned in the direction .to nnn screw said bush-.ings from the concrete, it bel' g understood -Ihat owing lto `the conical sha e of said bushings, a slight turn will rea ily free them from 'the completed wall leaving the walls of the sockets serrated `or threaded. This removal of Ithe bushings' 6*- rees .them from the center rod leaving the latter ,permanently embedded inthe concrete with portions of its threaded ends protruding into the sockets -15- which to- .gether with the serrated walls of said sockets affords am le gri ping surface forl the retention of ad itiona .concrete or lcement'which -is filled .into the sockets -154 to give the proper finish to -the wall {By makin the bushing or nut -6- separate from e tie rod section -5-, the latter may be removed separately from the bushing or inner nut -6- thereby freeing the adjacent section of the form and 'perf mitting the latter to be removed upwardly. in a comparatively small space as 1n many places on isolated structures, such as heavy concrete piers, abutments and the like, 1tA would be practicallyV impossible to remove the forms 1f the tie rod sections -5- were the tie rod section is removed the nut or sleeve may bejleft in the concrete, anchored to the tie'rod section.-4- and used as an anchorage for vanother bolt for securing some external fixture which it may be desired to secure to the'adjacent side of` the completed concrete or these conical bushings may be reversed end for -end before the Aconcrete is filled in around the tie rod sections and bushing, leaving the outer end at the. inside and the outer internally threaded end exposed to the exterior of .the concrete wall for the' reception of a bolt by which 'external fixtures lmay be secured to the concrete. The-separability of7 .the tie rod section 5 from the bushing or'inner nut -f is, therefore, an important feature 'of my invention and although the conical form of bushing' is referable I do not wish to limit myself to t is exact form.

What I claim is:

1'. In a tie brace for concrete forms, in.

. combination with oneside of the form, two coaxial tierod sections, one pro'ecting inwardly and the other outwardly t ough the side of the form, said tie rod sections having thei r meeting ends threaded, an .internally threaded bushing engaging the threadedl 3 meeting ends ofthe tie rods, bearing plates linner bearing engaging the inner and outer faces of the form and surrounding the outerv tie rod, the late en agingthe adjacent end of the buslijnl am? anut vonthe oute `end of the outer c ampin'g plate.

2. In a tie for"con`crete forms, a pairof Washers engaging the inner and outer faces of yone side of the form and provided with central a ertures, a tierodthreadedf'aj'l both ends an passed through said. side' ;.of the form and apertures in the washers, and nuts vengaging the inner and outer ends of said tie-4 aiidclamping said plates against oppo site faces of the form; and an additional vthreaded tie rod screwed into the inner end i .washers -enga g tl'e inner and' outer fases of the inner nut andadapted to be embedded in the concrete;

3. Inatie for concrete-forms, a. pairof f of one side o the -fornrA and providedwith central apertures, atie rod ythreadedat vboth" -passedthrough 'saidfsideof the form and apertures in the washers, and nuts en aging the inner and outer ends of said tie ro and clamping said plates against oppolsite faces `of the form,l and "an additional threaded tie rod screwed into the inner end of theinner nut and adapted to be embedded in the concrete, each of said washers having section screwedrinto the outer end of thebushingand extendin throughthe adjaoent side of the form, an a nut enga ing the outer threaded end of the additiona tie rod section.

'5. In the manufacture of concrete walls, in combination with the side of a form, a tie rod section extending'through and beyond the inner and outer faces of said side, an internally 'threaded nut screwed upon and eX- tending. inwardly beyond the inner threaded end of the tie rod section, an additional tie rod section screwed into 'the inner end of the bushing, and a nut screwed upon the outer end of the first named tie rod section.

6. VIn the manufacture of concrete walls, a tie rod section havin opposite threaded ends, internally threade nuts screwed upon and extendingbeyond the 'threaded ends of vthe tie rod section, an additional` tie rod section screwed into the outer end of one of the nuts and separable therefrom, and a nut screwed upon the outer end of the additional l tie rod section.

In Witness whereof I` have hereunto v'set vmy hand this 12th dayof May 1908.

CHARLES c. MCC'ARTY. Witnessesz' 'If ,MILDBED M. No'rT,

C. M. 1McCoBMAcK. 

